从腾讯与奇瑞QQ之争谈「驰名商标」跨类保护（附：英文版）

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来源：IPRdaily中文网（IPRdaily.cn）

作者：马慧敏  北京市商泰律师事务所

原标题：从腾讯与奇瑞QQ之争谈驰名商标跨类保护

腾讯QQ是腾讯公司1999年推出的国内首款即时通讯软件，而奇瑞QQ是奇瑞公司在2003年7月推出的一款微型轿车，两“QQ”均在其领域享有很高的知名度，从过去到现在一直在为“QQ”这个名号争执不休，商标争夺则成为双方这场争夺战的主战场。

2014年7月17日北京市高级人民法院作出（2014）高行终字第1696号终审判决，如下：腾讯公司主张的国家工商总局商标评审委员会（以下简称商评委）在对其注册争议商标的正当性，奇瑞公司在汽车商品上使用“QQ”商标的不正当性以及请求认定其在第38类通讯服务上注册和使用的“QQ”商标已构成驰名商标等答辩意见存在纰漏，不具有法律依据不予支持。

回顾事件始末，早在2005年腾讯公司在第12类汽车等商品上申请注册了“QQ”商标，并于2008年获批。但这引起了奇瑞公司的不满，奇瑞认为腾讯违反了《商标法》第十三条、第三十二条中关于“复制模仿驰名商标、类似商品上的相同近似商标、损害他人在先权利”等规定，并于2009年向商评委提出撤销腾讯公司的汽车类商标申请，且获得支持。随后腾讯公司不服裁定将商评委告上法院，奇瑞公司作为第三人出庭。

我国商标法第十三条规定：“……就不相同或者不相类似商品申请注册的商标是复制、摹仿或者翻译他人已经在中国注册的驰名商标，误导公众，致使该驰名商标注册人的利益可能受到损害的，不予注册并禁止使用。”

既然腾讯QQ在奇瑞注册商标时，已经是驰名商标了，那么，即使两者不属于同一个产业，奇瑞能不能再去申请？驰名商标的跨类保护力度究竟有多大？对于拥有驰名商标的企业而言是不是就高枕无忧了？

前段时间滇虹药业与浙江省自然人陈某“康王”商标之争的结果无疑是对此问题的侧面解答。滇虹药业拥有的“康王”商标在中药、西药等商品上多次被认定为驰名商标，陈某欲在婴儿全套衣、袜等商品上申请注册“康王Kangwang”商标。此案件历经异议、异议复审、一审和二审行政诉讼程序，最终北京市高级人民法院作出（2014）高行终字第680号行政判决，对陈某服装类“康王”商标予以核准注册。

综上可见，驰名商标在不相同或者不相类似的商品上跨类保护并非能跨全类保护，而要综合考量商品在生产工艺、功能用途、销售渠道、消费对象等方面是否均存在较大差异，是否分属不同的行业领域，是否致使相关公众的误导，是否损害拥有驰名商标的企业利益。

驰名商标已无法为企业提供全类的保护，企业又如何对自己的商标进行全方位保护？

有人建议进行全类注册已起到保护与防御相结合的作用，这种保护手段在大型企业比较常见，但对中小型企业而言45类全部注册官费成本就在三万多，还不算代理机构的代理费，这无疑是一笔不小的支出。

且商标法第四十九条规定：“……注册商标成为其核定使用的商品的通用名称或者没有正当理由连续三年不使用的，任何单位或者个人可以向商标局申请撤销该注册商标……”，换而言之，即使45类全部注册了且拿到了商标证书，企业也仍然面临着商标连续三年不使用被撤销的风险。

那么企业又该如何保护自己的商标权不受侵犯了？

就此，本人建议对有独创性的设计在申请商标的同时做著作权登记，形成多重权利保护，根据商标法第三十二条之规定：“申请商标注册不得损害他人现有的在先权利……”，因而以著作权作为在先权利防止他人将企业已注册商标注册在其他类别上不失为一种防御手段。且在我国著作权采用登记备案制度，无实质性审查；申请周期短（一般两个多月即可下发证书）；费用相对低廉。

Talking about Additional Protection of Registered Well-know Trademark by QQ Dispute Between Tencent and Chery

Tencent QQ is the first instant messaging software in domestic launched by Tencent in the year of 1999, Chery QQ is Chery’s first minicar launched in July,2003. Both of them have high popularity in their own fields. They have been disputing for QQ for such a long time, and for now QQ trademark has been the main aim they are fighting.

Recently, for the dispute between them, the Beijing High People's Court gave No. 1696 final judgment as below: Tencent’s reply to claiming for the legitimacy of judgment from State Administration For Industry & Commerce of the PRC Trademark Review and Adjudication Board(hereinafter referred to as Trademark Review and Adjudication Board), the invalidity of Chery using QQ in car and identifying QQ as a registered well-know trademark in Category 38 for communication services, is lack of legal proof.

Review this event, Tencent had registered “QQ” as a trademark in Category 12 for car etc. in 2005 and approved in 2008.However, it caused dissatisfaction of Chery, which thought the approvement broke the rules of reproduction, imitation, or translation of another’s well-known trademark, an application for registration of a trademark on same or similar goods, infringing upon another party’s existing prior right etc. in Article 13 and Article 32 of Trademark Law of PRC and claimed for cancellation to Trademark Review and Adjudication Board and then got supported. Soon afterwards, Tencent arrested the judgment and appeal Trademark Review and Adjudication Board to the court and Chery appeared as the third party.

According to Article 13 in Trademark Law of PRC: “In the event of an application for registration of a trademark that is a reproduction, imitation, or translation of another’s well-known trademark registered in China on different or dissimilar goods, and consequentially is likely to create confusion and cause damage to the interests of the registrant for the well-known trademark, the application shall be rejected and the trademark shall be prohibited from use.” Tencent QQ has been a well-known trademark before Chery applies QQ, can Chery applies QQ for a trademark though there are not in the same field? How many categories of additional protection can a well-known trademark enjoy? Needn’t it to worry about trademark right to be infringed if an enterprise has a well-known trademark? Trademark battle for “Kangwang” between Dihon Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd and natural person Mr. Chen in Zhejing Province can be the answer to the questions above. Dihon Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd owns the trademark “Kangwang” in traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine etc., which has been recognized as a well-known trademark for several times, Mr. Chen wants to registers “Kangwang” in layettes, socks etc.. Through opposition, reexamination, first and second instance, finally, No. 680 final judgment given by the Beijing High People's Court allows Mr. Chen to register “Kangwang”.

Above all, well-known trademark can enjoy an additional protection in different or dissimilar goods does not mean it can be protected in all categories.

Differences of manufacturing technique, function and usage, distribution channel, target consumer, industry sector and whether misleading to relevant public or damaging the interests of well-known trademark owner should been considered.

How to protect trademark right comprehensively for enterprises under the circumstances of well-known trademark cannot protect all categories? Someone suggested that to register trademarks in all categories in order to protect and defense. It is common in large entities, however, it is hard for medium and small entities because of the huge cost, for example, the government is over 30,000 RMB for 45 categories excluding attorney fee. And under Article 49 of Trademark Law of PRC: “……where a registered trademark has become the generic name of the goods for which its use is approved or has not been in use for three consecutive years without justification, any entity or individual may apply to the Trademark Office for cancellation of the registered trademark ……”.In another word, even though the entity gets trademark certificate for 45 categories, it also may be cancelled for none use in three consecutive years.

How to protect trademark right comprehensively for enterprises? For this, I suggested that original design can apply for copyright registration when apply to register a trademark. According to Article 32 of Trademark Law of PRC: “The application for trademark registration shall not be allowed to harm other person’s prior right……”, copyright, as a prior right, can be a defensive way to prevent others from registering trademarks in other categories. Moreover in China copyright is just recorded (none substantive examination) with shorter application period (usually less than three months) and lower expense.

来源：IPRdaily中文网（IPRdaily.cn）

作者：马慧敏  北京市商泰律师事务所

编辑：IPRdaily 赵珍  /   校对：IPRdaily   纵横君

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